Dramos metodų taikymas ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų patyčių prevencijai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59476/mtt2025.v3i21.746Keywords:
dramos metodai, ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, patyčios, prevencijaAbstract
Straipsnyje analizuojama aktualumo neprarandanti tema – patyčių prevencija. Tyrimai rodo, kad patyčios apima vis jaunesnio amžiaus vaikus ir yra pastebimos jau ikimokykliniame amžiuje. Tarp ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų dažniausiai pastebima tiesioginių patyčių forma, kai vaikai atvirai demonstruoja nenorą draugauti, prasivardžiuoja ir mušasi. Šis elgesys dažniausiai pastebimas tarp 5–6 metų vaikų. Straipsnyje patyčių prevencija analizuojama iš naujos perspektyvos – pasitelkiant dramos metodų taikymą. Dramos veiklos – ne tik žaismingos ir įtraukiančios ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikus, bet ir leidžia jiems saugiai tyrinėti savo emocijas, jausmus ir socialinius vaidmenis įvairiose situacijose. Straipsnyje aptariami keturi pagrindiniai dramos metodai, taikomi ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdyme – lėlių teatras, vaidmenų žaidimai, improvizacija ir pasakų inscenizacija, bei jų poveikis vaikų emocinei, socialinei raidai, empatijos, kūrybiškumo ir bendradarbiavimo įgūdžių ugdymui, kurie yra svarbūs patyčių prevencijai. Remiantis teoriniais šaltiniais bei atlikto kiekybinio tyrimo (anketinės apklausos) duomenimis, atskleidžiama, kad dauguma ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų naudoja dramos metodus ugdymo procese, o ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai į šias veiklas įsitraukia aktyviai. Tyrimas parodė, kad drama padeda vaikams geriau pažinti ir išreikšti emocijas, ugdyti empatiją bei spręsti socialinius konfliktus. Beveik visi respondentai pripažįsta dramos metodų svarbą patyčių prevencijoje, nors jų taikymą riboja laiko, žinių ir įstaigų palaikymo trūkumas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia stiprų potencialą integruoti dramą kaip veiksmingą ugdymo ir socialinės prevencijos priemonę ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų grupėse.
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