ES šalių grupavimas, vertinant su CO₂ emisija susijusius rodiklius
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59476/mtt2026.v1i22.765Keywords:
anglies dioksidas, bendrasis vidaus produktas, atsinaujinančioji energija, energijos intensyvumas, Europos SąjungaAbstract
Spartus ekonomikos vystymasis daro reikšmingą poveikį aplinkos būklės blogėjimui, o klimato kaita išlieka viena svarbiausių šių procesų problemų. Nepaisant tarptautinių organizacijų, vyriausybių, verslo subjektų ir visuomenės pastangų, šios problemos vis dar nepavyksta suvaldyti. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – sugrupuoti Europos Sąjungos (ES) šalis pagal CO₂ (anglies dioksido) emisijas ir kitus susijusius rodiklius, siekiant nustatyti panašias vystymosi tendencijas. Tyrime naudoti 27 ES valstybių narių 2000–2023 m. laikotarpio duomenys. Duomenys gauti iš „Eurostat“ duomenų bazės ir normalizuoti. Tikslui pasiekti suformuluoti šie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą CO₂ emisijų tematika; atlikti duomenų grupavimą taikant statistinius metodus; identifikuoti ir apibūdinti gautų grupių ypatybes. Tyrime taikomi metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, k-vidurkių (K-means) klasterizavimo metodas ir rezultatų interpretavimas remiantis ekonomine logika. Analizei pasirinkti rodikliai: CO₂ emisijos (tonomis vienam gyventojui), bendrasis vidaus produktas (BVP) vienam gyventojui, atsinaujinančiosios energijos dalis (RENC) ir energijos intensyvumas. Toks rodiklių derinys leidžia sistemiškai įvertinti šalių panašumus ir išskirti klasterius, atspindinčius skirtingus žaliosios transformacijos modelius. Atlikus klasterinę analizę nustatytos trys šalių grupės, pasižyminčios panašiomis vystymosi tendencijomis. Gauti rezultatai iš esmės sutampa su kitų autorių įžvalgomis apie šalių grupavimą pagal ekonominio išsivystymo ir aplinkosauginių rodiklių sąsajas. Vis dėlto tyrimo rezultatus riboja analizuojamo laikotarpio apimtis ir taikomo metodo prielaidos, kadangi k-vidurkių metodas neįvertina visų galimų išorinių veiksnių įtakos. Todėl nuoseklus šalių vystymosi stebėjimas ir tolesni tyrimai yra būtini siekiant išsamiau įvertinti ekonomikos ir energetikos transformacijos procesus.
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